Shanghai cooperation organisation

Shanghai cooperation organisation:

About:

Founding members of the intergovernmental body include China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

It focus on

• Security threat
• Economic
• Cultural
• Humanitarian cooperation

Shanghai cooperation has

• 40% of global population
• 20% of global GDP
• 22% OF World landmass

Members:

• • A New members included China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Iran.
  • The Astana submission said that India became a permanent member in 2017.

Observers:

• • Afghanistan, Belarus and Mongolia
  • In 2023 India did the chairmanship
  • Theme of 2023: Secure SCO

New Declaration:

• • Resisting the actions of terrorist, separatist, and extremist organisations; and putting particular emphasis on halting the propagation of hate speech related to religion, aggressive nationalism, racial and ethnic discrimination, xenophobia, fascism, and chauvinism.

Joint statements:

Two Thematic joint statements

1. 1. The first is about working together to prevent radicalization that breeds extremism, terrorism,
      and division.
   2. One collaboration inside the digital transformation domain

Five pillars of cooperation:

India created new five pillars

1. 1. Start-ups and innovation
   2. Traditional medicine
   3. Youth Empowerment
   4. Digital inclusion
   5. Shared Buddhist Heritage

India Reservation on BRI [Belt Road Initiative]

• • Resisted because projects were included in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, which India saw as a breach of its sovereignty.

India PM addressed:

• • The importance of connection in fostering mutual trade and trust, the necessity of upholding the core values of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and the particular respect for member state sovereignty and regional integrity